What is Multicriteria Decision Analysis (Weighted Scoring)?
Multicriteria decision analysis evaluates options against several weighted criteria in a matrix: define criteria, assign weights, score each option, multiply and sum, compare. It's the tool for decisions too multidimensional for a single number — vendor selection, project prioritization, site choice.
Its honesty rule: weights are agreed before anyone scores, or the matrix becomes reverse-engineered justification for a favorite. Done properly, the fight happens over weights (where it belongs) instead of over conclusions.
Formula
Option score = Σ(criterion weight × option rating)
Worked example
Choosing between three ERP vendors, the committee first agrees weights: functionality 35%, total cost 25%, implementation risk 20%, support 20% — locked before demos. Vendor B wins on the matrix despite Vendor A's flashier demo and the CIO's known preference. The matrix survives procurement review precisely because the weights predate the scores.